Radiology Practice Test

What is a significant risk of nephrotoxicity related to imaging?

1. Overexposure to radiation

2. Adverse reactions to contrast media

3. Repeated imaging procedures

4. Allergic responses to imaging equipment

The correct answer is: Adverse reactions to contrast media

Contrast media, used in various imaging modalities such as CT scans and MRIs, can pose a significant risk of nephrotoxicity, particularly in certain populations. This risk is especially pertinent when dealing with iodinated contrast agents, which are commonly used in CT imaging. Nephrotoxicity occurs when these agents compromise kidney function, leading to contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Patients with pre-existing kidney conditions, diabetes, or those who are dehydrated are particularly susceptible to this adverse effect. CIN can result in an increase in serum creatinine levels and, in severe cases, can progress to acute renal failure. It's essential for radiologists and healthcare providers to assess the risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients before administering contrast media and to ensure that hydration and proactive measures are considered. By monitoring kidney function and using the least amount of contrast necessary for the diagnostic procedure, the risk can be mitigated. The other options are certainly relevant to radiology but do not specifically align with the concern of nephrotoxicity. Overexposure to radiation pertains more to the risks associated with ionizing radiation rather than nephrotoxicity. Repeated imaging procedures raise concerns about cumulative radiation exposure and potential adverse effects but do not directly imply kidney damage